This paper examines the costs and benefits of laser land leveling in Southeast Pakistan and Northwest India. It discusses the investment model that supports adoption of the technology at the farm level. The use of optical sensors to monitor the normalized difference vegetation index for individual crops is also explored.

This presentation examines the costs and benefits of laser land leveling in Southeast Pakistan and Northwest India. It discusses the investment model that supports adoption of the technology at the farm level. The use of optical sensors to monitor the normalized difference vegetation index for individual crops is also explored.

This presentation discusses the different types of smart grid that reportedly lead to smarter operation. The smart grid system in Puducherry, India, and microgrid project in Maldives, are used as case examples. Findings from smart grid projects in Nepal and Sri Lanka are also shared.