Urban Flood Forecast Early Warning System

Numerous studies rank Kolkata among the top ten most vulnerable cities in the world due to high exposure to flooding under climate change projections. Kolkata City faces most of its floods from local rains. High spatial inhomogeneity in rainfall distribution makes urban flood forecasting a challenge. Therefore, real-time rainfall and inundation monitoring are more appropriate in the absence of microscale (with resolution of 1-kilometer or better) forecasts. To bridge the gap, a Flood Forecast Early Warning System (FFEWS), enabled by Internet of Things (IoT), was designed to provide real-time data in Kolkata.