The presentation discussed investing in the mountain bioeconomy as a strategy to address biodiversity loss, climate change, and rural poverty. It introduced the Mountain Futures initiative, launched in 2016, which promotes nature-positive and climate-resilient development through agroforestry, circular agriculture, and innovative value chains. The session emphasized leveraging biological resources and indigenous knowledge to create sustainable livelihoods, restore degraded ecosystems, and conserve biodiversity, aligning with global targets to restore and protect 30% of land and ecosystems. Examples included pilot projects in Asia and Africa showcasing ecological restoration, smart agriculture, and nature-based enterprises.