Governments around the world can pursue sustainable development more effectively by embracing a whole-of-government approach in their adaptation of the institutional framework for implementation of the global sustainable development goals (SDGs). A holistic, innovative, and inclusive approach combined with participatory governance is critical for effective implementation of the SDGs at the local level.

In 2004, Bangladesh suffered one of the most devastating floods in its history. Considered the country’s worst-ever in terms of geographic extent and economic damage, the floods affected 39 districts, including Dhaka. Economic disruption and serious damages to infrastructure and other assets inflicted heavy losses on agricultural and industrial output and slowed down growth in services. The combined losses to assets and output climbed to at least $2.3 billion. Almost 36 million people were affected and the death toll reached nearly 800.