The presentation emphasized the importance of quantified risk assessment for cost-efficient mitigation and response strategies. Large scale risk studies compliment local studies and valuation creates important baseline data to structure climate change investment plans but must be taken into consideration with social and political factors.

This presentation gave an overview of ADB's Preparing Outer Islands for Sustainable Energy Development, which will help the Maldives tap solar power and reduce reliance on costly, polluting diesel oil. The project will install solar-diesel hybrid grids on outer islands and the greater Male region. Skills development support will also be given to the Ministry of Environment and Energy and the main power utilities State Electricity Company and FENAKA Corporation Ltd. for the hybrid rollouts.

This presentation recommended that atoll nations collaborate on a portfolio of model projects at scale for green bond issuances. Atoll nations also need to structure investment opportunities for best long term interests and attractiveness to impact investors.

This presentation mapped out several practical steps that atoll nations could do to help secure their ocean and coastal resources, thereby signalling to investors across the spectrum that they are committed to achieving sustainability and resilience for their economies. These include securing ocean governance, marine spatial planning, and capture and track the value of ocean assets and flows in national economic accounts. It also emphasized the importance of 'blue accounting frameworks' to properly value ocean assets and activity and should be reflected in spatial zoning.

This presentation discussed the importance of reefs in providing significant coastal protection benefits by acting as low crested submerged breakwaters and serving as natural defenses. It also emphasized reef restoration and conservation as among the most cost effective investments in coastal protection.

This presentation highlighted discussion points from a dialogue on climate change science, security, and adaptation with officials from the world’s four atoll nations on 30 April 2019. The dialogue discussed the latest climate science, trends, and projections; considered the future impacts and implications of accelerating climate change on atoll nations; shared experiences and knowledge and identified ways to work more closely to address the exceptional challenge faced by atoll nations.

This presentation gave an overview of the Greater Male’ Environmental Improvement and Waste Management Project, which will establish an integrated, sustainable solid waste management system in the Greater Male’ capital region and its inhabited outer islands by (i) establishing a modern waste collection, transfer, and treatment using waste-to-energy (WTE)/incineration, disposal, recycling, and dumpsite closure and remediation​; (ii) improving community-based outer island waste management systems; (iii) strengthening institutional capacities for solid waste services delivery and environmental

The earthquakes of 2004 and 2005 did not only destroy housing structures in Nias Island, Indonesia. It devastated traditional villages which displayed the architectural heritage of the island.