In this presentation, Professor Michael Kremer, Gates Professor of Developing Societies in the Department of Economics at Harvard University, highlighted that there are major policy issues with health delivery in most developing countries, which range from absenteeism and low quality of workers to poor distribution of drugs and supplies. He emphasized the importance of going beyond the traditional boundaries of public health systems in seeking to improve health. He pointed out that there is still much more to learn about how best to reform poorly functioning health systems, and asserted that health worker accountability is important for better health, but there is a need to find cost-effective ways to improve accountability.