Thailand: Pak Thale-Laem Pak Bia Coast

The Pak Thale–Laem Phak Bia coastline is one of Thailand’s largest salt-producing areas, where thousands rely on salt production, fisheries, aquaculture, and shellfish collection for their livelihoods. Local fishers still use traditional methods, while seafood processing and promotion of high value seafood for domestic consumption and export have created new economic value. It is also Thailand’s most important site for migratory shorebirds, supporting over 20,000 waterbirds. Birdwatching tourism adds seasonal income, with up to 2,000 visitors annually supporting local guides, restaurants, and shops. Restoration of 200 hectares of degraded mangroves and ponds can improve fish nursery habitats, reinforce coastal protection, and enhance biodiversity and boost ecotourism—offering a highly cost-effective 10:1 return that strengthens traditional livelihoods, food security, and ecological resilience in one of Thailand’s most significant coastal landscapes.  

RFI Site Snapshot

City Municipality Province Region Pak Thale, Ban Kaew, Laem Pak Bia subdistricts, Ban Laem district, Phetchaburi Province
Area Size 8,666 ha, (approximately 40 ha of salt pan forms the Pak Thale Nature Reserve)
Geographical Coordinates 13.07º N, 100.07º E
Conservation Designation The Inner Gulf of Thailand coast, including Pak Thale–Laem Phak Bia, was designated a nationally important wetland by the Government of Thailand in August 2000. 
Important Bird and Biodiversity Area by BirdLife (2004)
EAA Flyway Network Site (2010)
 
Key Habitats and Biomes extensive salt pans coastal and inland ponds, intertidal mudflats, mangrove forest, coastal wetlands and open water, network of canals that drain into Gulf of Thailand
Key Ecosystem Services & Values Global and local climate regulation, coastal protection, food, water, genetic resources vital for research and conservation, cultural services, identity and heritage, recreation and ecotourism, traditional knowledge and livelihood systems and education
Global climate regulation: Estimated Carbon Storage and Sequestration ranging from 311,000 to 805,000 tonnes, annual carbon sequestration rate between 4,710 and 14,800 tonnes per year.
EAAF Species — Globally significant congregations Nordmann’s Greenshank Tringa guttifer (EN)
Lesser Sandplover Charadrius mongolus (LC)
Broad-billed Sandpiper Calidris falcinellus (VU)
Ruff Calidris pugnax (LC)
Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa (NT)
Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris (EN)
Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia (LC)
Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea (VU)
EAAF Species supported — Significant numbers Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaea (CR)
Chinese Egret Egretta eulophotes (VU)
Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis (NT)
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata (NT)
Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica (NT)
Red Knot Calidris canutus (NT)
Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis (NT)
Asian Dowitcher Limnodromus semipalmatus (NT)
Other Notable Biodiversity Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis (EN), Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata (VU), Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus (VU), Lyle's Flying Fox Pteropus lylei (VU), and Pacific Finless Porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides (VU).
Site Management Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (DMCR), Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Planning (ONEP), Ban Laem sub-district government
Threats Land use change, sea level rise and coastal erosion, pressures on water use
Opportunities for RFI Interventions Wetland protection and sustainable management, Improved waste and water management to address pollution, ecotourism infrastructure, sustainable salt-farming and aquaculture, long-term financing for nature-protection
Estimated Investment over Time Period $31,900,000 from 5 to 10 years

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Topics

  • Agriculture and Natural Resources
  • Climate Change
  • Environment
  • Water