Thailand: Krabi River Mouth

Krabi River Mouth, located on the west coast of peninsular Thailand in Krabi Province, encompasses the estuary of the Krabi River and adjacent coastal wetlands where the river flows into Phang Nga Bay and the Andaman Sea. The site is dominated by extensive mangrove forests, intertidal mudflats, estuarine waters, seagrass beds, and sandy beaches, forming one of the largest and most ecologically diverse coastal wetland systems in southern Thailand. It is recognized as both a Ramsar Site and an East Asian–Australasian Flyway Partnership Flyway Network Site and supports internationally important populations of migratory waterbirds, including the Endangered Spotted Greenshank and the Tibetan Sandplover.

The site is also critical for local livelihoods and the wider Krabi economy, supporting small‑scale fisheries, shellfish harvesting, aquaculture, and tourism. Mangroves and mudflats provide essential ecosystem services, including food provision, shoreline stabilization, climate regulation, and protection from extreme weather events. However, increasing pressures from tourism development, urban expansion around Krabi Town, pollution, overfishing, and climate change threaten long‑term ecological integrity. Strengthening site‑based and co‑management arrangements, improving sustainable fisheries and aquaculture practices, reducing water and solid‑waste pollution, and promoting biodiversity‑friendly tourism present key opportunities to enhance resilience, protect livelihoods, and safeguard the ecosystem services of this globally significant wetland.

RFI Site Snapshot

City Municipality Province Region Mueang Krabi District, Krabi Province
Area Size 133,199 ha
Geographical Coordinates 8.02° N, 98.93° E
Conservation Designation Ramsar Site; Flyway Network Site under the East Asian–Australasian Flyway Partnership; forest reserve; Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (Na Muang Krabi)
Key Habitats and Biomes Mangrove forests; intertidal mudflats; estuarine waters; seagrass beds; sandy beaches
Key Ecosystem Services and Values Provisioning services: fisheries, shellfish; 
Regulating services: coastal protection, climate regulation
Cultural services: recreation, ecotourism, aesthetic values
Global Climate Regulation: Estimated Carbon Storage and Sequestration Estimated carbon storage of 1,170,000–5,600,000 tonnes; annual carbon sequestration rate of approximately 17,300–125,000 tonnes per year
EAAF Species Globally significant congregations
Tibetan Sandplover Anarhynchus atrifrons (LC)
Spotted Greenshank Tringa guttifer (EN)

Significant numbers
Bar‑tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica (NT)

Low numbers:
Christmas Island Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi (VU)
Chinese Egret Egetta eulophotes (VU)
Black faced spoonbill Platalea minor (EN)
Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata (NT)
Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea (VU)
Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris (EN)
Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola (VU)
Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres (NT)
Black-tailed Godwit Limisa limosa (NT)
Asian Dowitcher Limnodromus semipalmatus (NT)
Red Knot Calidris canutus (NT)
Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis (NT)
Broad-billed Sandpiper Calidris falcinellus (VU)
Far Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis (EN)
 Notable Biodiversity Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis (VU)
Wreathed Hornbill Rhythiceros undulatus (VU)
Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus (VU)
Indo-Pacific Finless Porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides (VU)
Indo Pacific Humpback Dolphin Sousa chinensis (VU)
Dugong Dugong dugon (VU)
Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata (VU)
Asian Small-clawed Otter Aonyx cinereus (VU)
Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus (VU)
Long tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis (EN) 
Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata (CR)
Green Turtle Chelonia mydas (EN)
Olive Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea (VU) 
Site Management Department of Aquatic Resources, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, ONEP, Krabi Provincial Government, and Mueang Krabi (district) Government.Department of Fisheries, Royal Forest Department
Key Drivers of Change Tourism development; urban expansion and infrastructure; pollution and wastewater; overfishing and aquaculture expansion; habitat disturbance; climate change and sea‑level rise
Opportunities for RFI Interventions Strengthened site‑based and co‑management frameworks; sustainable fisheries and shellfishery value chains; mangrove and seagrass restoration; pollution reduction and wastewater management; biodiversity monitoring; upscaling sustainable and nature‑based tourism
Investment Range Over Time Period $46,000,000 over 10 years

Disclaimer

The views expressed on this website are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Download

Topics

  • Agriculture and Natural Resources
  • Climate Change
  • Environment
  • Regional Cooperation and Integration