Khlong Yai, covering approximately 30,000 hectares along the eastern Inner Gulf of Thailand in Trat Province, comprises extensive intertidal mudflats, mangrove forests, and shallow coastal waters bordering Cambodia. The site has recently been identified as an important feeding and roosting area for migratory waterbirds, including globally significant populations of the Endangered Spotted Greenshank and other Near Threatened shorebird species within the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. These coastal habitats play a critical ecological role in supporting migratory species while also contributing to shoreline stability and coastal resilience.

The Khlong Yai coastline supports fishing‑dependent communities and migrant workers through coastal fisheries and crab harvesting, forming the backbone of local livelihoods and port‑related economic activity. However, port operations, pollution, habitat degradation, and climate‑related risks, including sea‑level rise, are placing increasing pressure on ecosystem integrity. Strengthening community‑led coastal management, restoring degraded mangroves, improving pollution control, and promoting sustainable fisheries and aquaculture practices offer key opportunities to enhance climate resilience, safeguard migratory bird habitats, and sustain livelihoods in this emerging priority coastal wetland.

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