Lake Mainit is one of the largest and deepest freshwater lakes in the Philippines, located in the Caraga region across the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Agusan del Norte. The site covers approximately 13,996 hectares and consists of a large lentic lake system fed by multiple rivers and streams, with an outlet to Butuan Bay through the Kalinawan River. The lake supports a productive freshwater ecosystem and is an important watershed landscape for surrounding communities.

The site supports globally significant populations of migratory waterbirds, particularly Tufted Duck, alongside diverse endemic fish and aquatic species. It provides key ecosystem services, including fisheries, freshwater supply, and livelihood support for local communities. Increasing pressures from unsustainable fishing, agricultural runoff, logging, and pollution are contributing to declining water quality, habitat degradation, and reduced fisheries productivity.

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