Mongolia: Airag Lake
Airag Lake, together with Khyargas Lake, forms a large wetland complex in the Great Lakes Depression of western Mongolia, covering approximately 144,700 hectares. The site is part of Khyargas Lake National Park and is designated as a Ramsar site, Important Bird and Biodiversity Area, and Flyway Network Site. Located at the intersection of the Central Asian Flyway and the East Asian Australasian Flyway, the lake system supports globally significant populations of at least 10 migratory waterbird species, including Dalmatian Pelican, Common Pochard, and Northern Lapwing, along with numerous globally threatened species.

The lake system provides important ecosystem services, including freshwater supply, water purification, fisheries, and tourism, supporting local herding communities. However, the site is increasingly affected by overgrazing, mining, hydropower development, expanding tourism, and climate change-driven hydrological changes. Declining water levels, habitat degradation, and reduced ecological connectivity pose significant risks. Strengthening integrated basin-wide water management, regulating tourism and infrastructure, restoring degraded grasslands, and enhancing biodiversity monitoring and co-management are critical to safeguarding ecological function and local livelihoods. 

RFI Site Snapshot

City Municipality Province Region Zavkhan soum, Uvs aimag 
Area Size 144,700 ha
Geographical Coordinates 48.9° N, 93.43° E 
Conservation Designation National Park
Ramsar Site
East Asian Australasian Flyway Partnership Flyway Network Site
Important Bird and Biodiversity Area
Key Habitats and Biomes Freshwater and saline lakes
River deltas and marshes
Peatlands and wet meadows
Semi-desert steppe landscapes 
Key Ecosystem Services and Values Provisioning: freshwater, fisheries
Regulating: water purification
Cultural: tourism and education
Supporting: biodiversity habitat 
Global Climate Regulation: Estimated Carbon Storage and Sequestration Not assessed / not identified as a key service
EAAF Species Globally significant congregations:
Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus (NT)
Common Pochard Aythya ferina (VU)
Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus (LC)
Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (LC)
Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea (LC)
Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus (NT)
Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia (LC)
Pallas’s Gull Larus ichthyaetus (LC) 

Small numbers: 
White headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala (EN)
Swan Goose Anser cygnoides (EN)
Relict Gull Larus relictus (VU)
Asian Dowitcher Limnodromus semipalmatus (NT)
Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea (VU
 Notable Biodiversity Pallas’s Fish eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus (EN)
Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus (NT)
Goitered Gazelle Gazella subgutturosa (VU) 
Site Management Ministry of Environment and Climate Change
Uvs aimag government
Khyargas Lake National Park administration 
Key Drivers of Change Overgrazing and land degradation
Hydropower development and water abstraction
Mining and infrastructure expansion
Tourism and road network expansion
Climate change and drought
Opportunities for RFI Interventions Integrated basin-wide water management; Strengthened site management and zonation; Sustainable tourism regulation and waste management; Grassland restoration and grazing management
Enhanced biodiversity monitoring and research
Investment Range Over Time Period Not specified

Disclaimer

The views expressed on this website are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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Topics

  • Agriculture and Natural Resources
  • Climate Change
  • Environment
  • Regional Cooperation and Integration