Event: Regional Flyway Initiative Site Studies Mongolia: Airag Lake View File Airag Lake, together with Khyargas Lake, forms a large wetland complex in the Great Lakes Depression of western Mongolia, covering approximately 144,700 hectares. The site is part of Khyargas Lake National Park and is designated as a Ramsar site, Important Bird and Biodiversity Area, and Flyway Network Site. Located at the intersection of the Central Asian Flyway and the East Asian Australasian Flyway, the lake system supports globally significant populations of at least 10 migratory waterbird species, including Dalmatian Pelican, Common Pochard, and Northern Lapwing, along with numerous globally threatened species. The lake system provides important ecosystem services, including freshwater supply, water purification, fisheries, and tourism, supporting local herding communities. However, the site is increasingly affected by overgrazing, mining, hydropower development, expanding tourism, and climate change-driven hydrological changes. Declining water levels, habitat degradation, and reduced ecological connectivity pose significant risks. Strengthening integrated basin-wide water management, regulating tourism and infrastructure, restoring degraded grasslands, and enhancing biodiversity monitoring and co-management are critical to safeguarding ecological function and local livelihoods. RFI Site Snapshot City Municipality Province Region Zavkhan soum, Uvs aimag Area Size 144,700 ha Geographical Coordinates 48.9° N, 93.43° E Conservation Designation National ParkRamsar SiteEast Asian Australasian Flyway Partnership Flyway Network SiteImportant Bird and Biodiversity Area Key Habitats and Biomes Freshwater and saline lakesRiver deltas and marshesPeatlands and wet meadowsSemi-desert steppe landscapes Key Ecosystem Services and Values Provisioning: freshwater, fisheriesRegulating: water purificationCultural: tourism and educationSupporting: biodiversity habitat Global Climate Regulation: Estimated Carbon Storage and Sequestration Not assessed / not identified as a key service EAAF Species Globally significant congregations:Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus (NT)Common Pochard Aythya ferina (VU)Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus (LC)Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo (LC)Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea (LC)Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus (NT)Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia (LC)Pallas’s Gull Larus ichthyaetus (LC) Small numbers: White headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala (EN)Swan Goose Anser cygnoides (EN)Relict Gull Larus relictus (VU)Asian Dowitcher Limnodromus semipalmatus (NT)Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea (VU) Notable Biodiversity Pallas’s Fish eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus (EN)Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus (NT)Goitered Gazelle Gazella subgutturosa (VU) Site Management Ministry of Environment and Climate ChangeUvs aimag governmentKhyargas Lake National Park administration Key Drivers of Change Overgrazing and land degradationHydropower development and water abstractionMining and infrastructure expansionTourism and road network expansionClimate change and drought Opportunities for RFI Interventions Integrated basin-wide water management; Strengthened site management and zonation; Sustainable tourism regulation and waste management; Grassland restoration and grazing managementEnhanced biodiversity monitoring and research Investment Range Over Time Period Not specified Disclaimer The views expressed on this website are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Download Topics Agriculture and Natural Resources Climate Change Environment Regional Cooperation and Integration