Australia has implemented extensive water reforms for over thirty years and has successfully increased productivity and efficiency of water use while ensuring the health of its river and groundwater systems. The country’s experience shows that water reform is not merely about infrastructure, but a long-term social transformation that needs the active involvement of stakeholders in every step. Leadership and a roadmap are also crucial to water reform success. This presentation shares the lessons gained from Australia’s water reform journey and the challenges it still has to face to ensure drought resilience.