Sufficient and accurate data on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the impacts of global transport policies, measures and projects are needed to effectively mitigate climate change. Presently, little information on these exists, thus hampering efforts in reducing CO2 emissions.

In response to this need, the Asian Development Bank offers specific ways in counting carbon emissions or “carbs” so that policies and measures to reduce them can be focused, holistic and effective.

ADB emphasizes the importance of knowing the issues that affect counting of “carbs” first. Issues such as demographic and urbanization changes, fuel prices and fuel economy standards, and policies influence “carb” counting. Baseline data on these should be collected.

The components of “carb” counting should also be understood. These include movement of people and the type of transport and fuel they use, and the distances they cover. This is crucial since the product of these four components is the total emissions.

Counting of "carbs" can be incorporated in surveys, such as vehicle use surveys and passenger and freight flow surveys. However, measurement criteria and indicators for data gathered should be set. Data quality should also be ensured so that “carbs” are accurately counted.

The steps above ensure that data gathered are comprehensively understood and accurate, so that ultimately, approaches to reducing CO2 emissions are evidence-based and focused. With quality data on CO2 emissions, approaches to mitigate climate change can easily be identified, comprehensively planned, and effectively implemented.