Climate change is becoming more evident each year, demanding an urgent need for solutions. Some tools and mechanisms, such as the Global Stocktake and Enhanced Transparency Framework were further developed and negotiated at COP28, but the next two years will be crucial

Ensuring that sufficient climate finance is available and well-managed is critical to achieving climate goals and ambitions . At COP29 climate finance will be the central theme. Governments must establish a new climate finance goal, reflecting the scale and urgency of the climate challenge. At COP30, they must come prepared with new nationally determined contributions that are economy-wide, cover all greenhouse gases and are fully aligned with the 1.5°C temperature limit. Even if global warming stays within 1.5°C the need for adaptation to the impacts of climate change is enormous. 

The Central Asian region is exposed to the negative impacts of a rapidly changing climate because it is an arid, landlocked, snow-fed region with most of the water originating in the glaciers of the upstream mountains and neighborhood countries. Extensive agriculture, ageing infrastructure, and high population growth are other factors that will amplify the challenges caused by climate change. 

Although countries of the region – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan – have distinct landscapes, natural-climatic conditions, development priorities, a transboundary nature of climate change will equally affect each Central Asian nation with novel risks.