Paul Vandenberg is a Senior Economist at the Economic Research Department of Asian Development Bank in Manila. His research interests include industrialization, the middle-income trap, employment, small and medium enterprises, tech startups, and skills training. He previously worked at the ADB Institute in Tokyo and was a consultant for a number of years with the International Labour Organization. He has taught at the University of Bristol, the International Management Institute (New Delhi) and most recently at Thammasat University (Bangkok). His co-edited books include SMEs in Developing Asia: New Approaches to Overcoming Market Failures and Managing the Middle-Income Transition: Challenges Facing the People’s Republic of China. He received a PhD in economics from the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London.